基于模糊影响图的海洋结构风险分析方法研究     

康海贵  阎利军  周鹏飞 《海洋通报(英文版)》2006,8(2):21-30

基于模糊影响图(FPID)和失效模式与效果分析(FMEA)建立了一种海洋结构风险分析方法。鉴于风险分析中某些事件发生概率和关系概率两个重要参数确定时需借助专家主观判断,本文将模糊概率的概念引入海洋结构影响图评估方法中。该方法成功地应用到海洋平台人员伤害分析中。虽然这里仅给出了该方法在海洋平台风险评估中的应用,但其具有更广泛应用价值。  相似文献   

INTERDECADAL CHANGE OF DIABATIC FORCING OVER KEY REGION OF THE MARITIME CONTINENT AND ITS POSSIBLE RELATIONS WITH THE EAST ASIAN SUMMER MONSOON ANOMALIES     

许琪  管兆勇 《热带气象学报(英文版)》2019,25(1):54-62

The Maritime Continent(MC) is an important region where the Tropical Pacific and the Indian Ocean interact with each other via "the atmospheric bridge" and a key region for the interaction between the Asian and Australian monsoons. Using the NCEP/NCAR and CMAP monthly mean reanalysis over the period of 1979-2012, the interdecadal variations of diabatic forcing over the key region of the Maritime Continent and its possible relations with the East Asian summer monsoon have been investigated in the present paper. Our results show that climate variations in the Maritime Continent is particularly significant in the area of 95-145°E, 10°S-10°N, which is thus defined as the key area of the MC(i.e., KMC area). Without the input of latent heat release in the atmosphere, distinct interdecadal change of diabatic heating is found to exist from 1979 to 2012; it intensified before 1980 s and peaked in the late 1980 s and weakened after this period. By analyzing each individual component that contributes to the diabatic heating in the KMC area, surface latent heat flux and net long-wave radiation in the atmosphere are found to be the two dominant components. With negative diabatic heating anomalies over KMC, there will be more precipitation on islands and less precipitation over sea, and more rainfall around the equator, which is in correspondence with the convergence center around the equator in the KMC area. Along the meridional-vertical section averaged between 115-120 ° E, the well-defined vertical circulation anomalies are observed with the ascending branches over KMC and the area around 30°N respectively, and the descending branch over the South China Sea. Water vapor transports from the Bay of Bengal and South China Sea to eastern China to benefit the positive precipitation anomalies. The meridional-vertical circulation in East Asia plays a critical role in linking the interdecadal variability of diabatic heating over the KMC and East Asian summer monsoon anomalies.  相似文献   

论专属经济区的国家主权权利     

尹年长 《广东海洋大学学报》2006,26(2):6-11

1982年《联合国海洋法公约》确立了专属经济区制度，规定了沿海国对200海里专属经济区享有公约规定的主权权利和管辖权。专属经济区是一个既不同于公海又有别于领海的特殊海域，沿海国家对专属经济区的主权权利是国家经济主权的组成部分，公约的规定是尊重国家主权的。我们应充分利用公约的规定，积极维护我国专属经济区的国家主权权利。  相似文献   

Voronoi tessellation on the ellipsoidal earth for vector data     

Christos Kastrisios  Lysandros Tsoulos 《International journal of geographical information science》2018,32(8):1541-1557

Voronoi tessellation, and its dual the Delaunay triangulation, provide a cohesive framework for the study and interpretation of phenomena of geographical space in two and three dimensions. The planar and spherical solutions introduce errors in the positional accuracy of both Voronoi vertices and Voronoi edges due to errors in distance computations and the path connecting two locations with planar lines or great circle arcs instead of geodesics. For most geospatial applications the introduction of the above errors is insignificant or tolerable. However, for applications where the accuracy is of utmost importance, the ellipsoidal model of the Earth must be used. Characteristically, the introduction of any positional error in the delimitation of maritime zones and boundaries results in increased maritime space for one state at the expense of another. This is a situation that may, among others, have a serious impact on the financial activities and the relations of the states concerned. In the context of previous work on maritime delimitation we show that the Voronoi diagram constitutes the ideal solution for the development of an automated methodology addressing the problem in its entirety. Due to lack of a vector methodology for the generation of Voronoi diagram on the ellipsoid, the aforementioned solution was constrained by the accuracy of existing approaches. In order to fill this gap, in this paper we deal with the inherent attributes of the ellipsoidal model of the Earth, e.g. the fact that geodesics are open lines, and we elaborate on a methodology for the generation of the Voronoi diagram on the ellipsoid for a set of points in vector format. The resulting Voronoi diagram consists of vertices with positional accuracy that is only bounded by the user needs and edges that are comprised of geodesics densified with vertices equidistant to their generators. Finally, we present the implementation of the proposed algorithm in the Python programming language and the results of two case studies, one on the formation of closest service areas and one on maritime boundaries delimitation, with the positional accuracy set to 1 cm.  相似文献   

全球高端航运服务业的时空演化及影响因素分析     

王列辉  张楠翌  林羽珊 《地理研究》2021,40(3):708-724

发展高端航运服务业是港口城市产业转型的重要着力点。基于劳合社海事企业名录,利用连锁网络、回归模型等,研究1982—2018年全球高端航运服务业节点城市和城际联系的空间演变及影响因素。结果表明：① 全球高端航运服务业骨架由“T”字型向“大三角形”转变,网络重心不断东移,欧洲、地中海和亚太地区构成的东西向市场是其发展主线。② 节点城市的网络地位提升与该城市和前序城市建立的联系强度有密切关系,与覆盖的市场范围联系不大。③ 高端航运服务业的区位选择主要受资本、技术和市场的共同影响,其布局临近客户和市场,倾向于知识密集型的产业集聚。④ 集装箱吞吐量和地区宏观经济对高端航运服务业布局的显著性增强,人口数量、港口和行政中心的显著性消失。  相似文献   

水下铁磁体磁场特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

王闰成  王守国 《海洋测绘》2006,26(5):35-37,41

简单介绍了铁磁体磁场的基本计算公式及其特征,并通过海上铁磁体搜寻实例加以解释和说明,为利用磁力仪搜寻铁磁体工作提供了一种比较简单实用的解释和判读方法。  相似文献   

海洋经济研究生教育的兴起与发展     

陈万灵  徐质斌  张庆霖 《广东海洋大学学报》2007,27(5):110-113

人们对海洋的探索以及对海洋经济的认识和研究,促使海洋经济(专业)教育的兴起。20世纪80年代初期,与"海洋经济"相近方向的研究生教育开始;新世纪以来,明确设立"海洋经济"研究方向的研究生教育得到较快发展。必须积极解决海洋经济的学科性质及其归属、发展定位等限制研究生教育的问题,有关海洋经济科研院所和高校必须大力合作,促进海洋经济学科及其研究生教育的大发展。  相似文献   

Marine testing board for certification of ballast water treatment technologies   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Champ MA 《Marine pollution bulletin》2002,44(12):1327-1335

The proposed MTB is a process to expedite the implementation of international standards and regulations, and the subsequent testing, certification, and regulatory approval of new ballast water treatment ("control") technologies. This would expedite their acceptance in the global marketplace and reduce risks of shipowners following international regulation. The cost to test and evaluate and certify new ballast water treatment technologies for the global marketplace has been estimated to be less than US $1 per day per ship. It is time for the shipping industry, national regulatory bodies, and IMO to endorse the concept of the MTB and for the shipping industry to support a proactive cost-saving solution for sustainable shipping and protecting the environment from unwanted invasions of aquatic species with their potential negative impacts.  相似文献   

Surface Heat Balance and Spatially Distributed Ablation Modelling at Koryto Glacier, Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Keiko Konya  Takane Matsumoto  Renji Naruse 《Geografiska Annaler: Series A, Physical Geography》2004,86(4):337-348

To investigate the characteristics of ablation at Koryto Glacier, a mountain glacier under maritime climate in Kamchatka Peninsula, Russia, we made field observations from August to early September 2000. At a site near the equilibrium line, the 31‐day average net radiation, sensible heat flux, and latent heat flux were 43, 59 and 31 W^?2, respectively. We developed a new distributed ablation model, which only needs measurements of air temperature and global radiation at one site. Hourly ablation rates at this site obtained by the energy balance method are related to measured air temperature and global radiation by linear multiple regression. A different set of multiple regression coefficients is fitted for snow and ice surfaces. Better estimates of ablation rate can be obtained by this approach than by other temperature index models. These equations are then applied to each grid cell of a digital elevation model to estimate spatially distributed hourly melt. Air temperature is extrapolated using a constant temperature lapse rate and global radiation is distributed considering topographic effects. The model enables us to calculate the hourly spatial distribution of ablation rates within the glacier area and could well provide a realistic simulation of ablation over the whole glacier.  相似文献   

National sovereignty & transboundary protected areas in Southern Africa     

Marloes van Amerom 《GeoJournal》2002,58(4):265-273

The notion that Transboundary Protected Areas (TBPAs) will act as `Peace Parks' has become an important argument in their promotion in post-Apartheid Southern Africa. This `Peace Parks Concept' is implicitly based upon the assumption that national sovereignty will not become a constraining factor in the creation and management of TBPAs. However, this assumption is problematic. TBPAs introduce various changes in the landscape with consequences for the ways in which a state can exercise its sovereignty over its borderland and citizens. This situation might evoke state action that could endanger the various environmental, socio-economic and political objectives of TBPAs. A state's behaviour with regard to TBPAs is not just informed by its interests in TBPAs, but also by its strategic and other interests in the wider borderland area. These are not necessarily compatible with the environmental and economic objectives of TBPAs. The ways in which these interests are mediated are highly complex and non-linear. Because of the inter-dependency that TBPAs create, the extent to which a state can pursue certain interests by means of TBPAs will be (partially) constrained by the wishes of the other states involved. In addition, power has to be shared with a wide range of non-state actors. The operation of sovereignty in TBPAs is therefore highly unpredictable and cannot be captured in static zero-sum terms. Actor Network Theory is identified as a possible starting-point to unravel and evaluate these complex political processes in TBPAs and their subsequent outcomes for state sovereignty.  相似文献